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Music

Hearing it

Modern performances of surviving ancient scores, and the evidence behind their reconstruction.

Hearing it · 1 of 2

Hearing the surviving scores

Unlike the poems elsewhere on this site, the pieces on this page have a surviving melody. The Seikilos song, the Delphic paeans, the Orestes chorus and the hymns of Mesomedes come down with their notes. What a performer adds is the pitch, the tempo, the instrument, the voice and the accompaniment.

The performances below are by scholars and ensembles who read the notation and, in most cases, built the instruments. Each card says what is being played, and on what. They are modern readings of ancient scores, not recordings of ancient music. Where the sources disagree, as they do over absolute pitch, each performer has made a choice.

What the performer must decide

The editions transcribe the vocal sign C as the note a. This is a convention from the 1840s. The editors agree that the true pitch was about a minor third lower. Hagel would put it a fourth lower.[1]

The scores give durations only where the metre does not. They give no tempo and no dynamics. Except for a few instrumental notes in the Orestes papyrus, they give no accompaniment.[2]

West’s own guess at absolute pitch rests on the compass of the vocal pieces, set against the range of the male voice. He finds most of them lying in what we would call a tenor range.[3]

A listener comparing two performances of the same score will hear these choices. The differences between them are a fair measure of how much is known.

Listening order

A first-time listener might take the pieces in this order:

  1. the Seikilos song;[4]
  2. the Delphic paean;
  3. the Orestes chorus, whose enharmonic quarter-tones are the strangest sound here;
  4. the Oxford recital, which puts most of the repertory into one evening.

Modern performances

Modern performances of the surviving scores, and of a few reconstructed models where no score exists (each card says which). The notation fixes the notes and most of the rhythm; tempo, instruments, voice and ornament are the performers' choices, described under each.

A fifteen-minute film on the project to recover the sound of the Orestes chorus and the Delphic paean, with the instruments built for it, ending in a chorus sung to the reconstructed score and a finale on the plagiaulos by Callum Armstrong. The chapters are the film’s own. Watch on YouTube ↗

Jump to Introduction 0:00 · Rhythm and melody 0:52 · Replicating the instruments 2:53 · Demonstration and performance 6:25 · The Delphic paean 10:39 · Final chorus 12:33

The paean of 128 BC worked on the Notation page, sung to a reconstruction of the Louvre aulos. The performers publish their performing materials at doublepipes.info; the video has subtitles translating the Greek. Watch on YouTube ↗
A whole concert: the Christian hymn from Oxyrhynchus with chorus and kithara, the Delphic paean of Athenaios in Tosca Lynch’s edition, Iliad 24 sung to a seven-stringed early kithara, Mesomedes’ invocation of the Muse and Hymn to the Sun as kithara solos, an exercise from the Anonymus Bellermanni, and new compositions by Barnaby Brown and Alex Silverman. The programme notes on the Ancient Music at Oxford site list the items. Watch on YouTube ↗
A minute and a half of the opening of the Iliad sung to the lyre in the manner Hagel has reconstructed from the word accents, the subject of the Melody page: no score survives for Homer, and this is a model, not a transcription. Watch on YouTube ↗
The complete song from the stone, sung to the lyre by the musician and composer whose Sappho performance is on the Accent page of the Metre section. The video’s description prints the Greek text with a transliteration and translation. Watch on YouTube ↗
A twenty-minute presentation by the French ensemble that has recorded most of the documents, with extracts: the second Delphic hymn, the Oxyrhynchus papyrus 4466, Yale and Michigan papyri, and comment on Seikilos and on the editions. The chapters follow the video’s own index. Watch on YouTube ↗

Jump to Second Delphic hymn 0:00 · P.Oxy. 4466 4:43 · On Seikilos 8:55 · On the Delphic hymns 9:18 · Yale papyrus 12:31 · Louvre papyrus 13:35

The first attempt to perform the Orestes papyrus as D’Angour reads it, with a chorus of three to the aulos; the uploader notes that the 2017 film above supersedes it. Useful for hearing the enharmonic intervals and the instrumental notes between the dochmiacs. Watch on YouTube ↗

Notes

  1. ^ Pöhlmann and West 2001, p. 7; West 1992, pp. 275–276; Hagel 2009, pp. 452–453.
  2. ^ West 1992, p. 7.
  3. ^ West 1992, pp. 12, 273–275.
  4. ^ See the Seikilos sign by sign tab of the Notation page.
Picture credits on this page
  1. Behind the title: Young man singing and playing the kithara: Attic red-figure amphora by the Berlin Painter, c. 490 BC. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art 56.171.38. Berlin Painter; Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0 · via Wikimedia Commons · background removed
  2. The Seikilos epitaph, a funerary column inscribed with a short song and its musical notation. Copenhagen, National Museum of Denmark. Artem.G · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikimedia Commons · background removed